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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI
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Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Horses.

Imogen Johns1

  • 1B and W Equine Hospital, Breadstone, Berkeley, Gloucestershire GL139HG, UK.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|August 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) in horses, like cancer anorexia and hypercalcemia, can be challenging to diagnose. Early awareness of PNS signs is crucial for timely neoplasia detection.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Equine Health

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are complex conditions associated with cancer.
  • In horses, PNSs can manifest in various ways, often mimicking non-neoplastic diseases.
  • Common equine PNSs include cancer anorexia, cachexia, fever, elevated acute phase proteins, hypercalcemia, and monoclonal gammopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review reported paraneoplastic syndromes in horses.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for equine PNSs.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical importance of recognizing PNSs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported equine paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • Discussion of clinical signs, diagnostic criteria, and potential etiologies.
Keywords:
CachexiaCancerFeverHypercalcemia

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  • Synthesis of current knowledge on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified common PNSs in horses: cancer anorexia/cachexia, fever with increased acute phase proteins, hypercalcemia, and monoclonal gammopathy.
    • Highlighted that these signs can be mistaken for non-neoplastic conditions, complicating diagnosis.
    • Emphasized that PNS signs may appear before the underlying neoplasia is evident.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of PNSs and associated neoplasia in horses is challenging.
    • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for PNSs, as they can be early indicators of cancer.
    • Awareness of PNSs is critical for effective equine cancer management.