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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

63.7K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
63.7K
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

4.0K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
4.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.0K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.0K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.7K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

984
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
984
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

950
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
950

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Related Experiment Video

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.

Yuan Luo1, Jiaxin Zhao2, Antonio Fieramosca3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Light, Science & Applications
|August 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores strong light-matter coupling in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials, specifically transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). It highlights their potential for novel polaritonic devices and future research directions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials, particularly transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are gaining prominence in materials research.
  • TMDs possess unique electronic and optical properties, with tightly bound excitons ideal for strong light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in strong light-matter coupling involving TMD materials.
  • To explore the integration of TMDs with various optical structures for novel device applications.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of optical structures used for strong coupling, including Fabry-Perot cavities, photonic crystals, and plasmonic nanocavities.
  • Analysis of the resulting polaritonic properties and device applications.

Main Results:

  • TMDs integrated with optical cavities enable the investigation of strong light-matter coupling.
  • This coupling leads to the formation of TMD polaritons with intriguing properties.

Conclusions:

  • Strong light-matter coupling in TMDs opens avenues for exploring new physics and developing advanced optoelectronic devices.
  • Future research directions in van der Waals polaritonics are outlined.