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Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
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Intense thunderstorms can trigger long-lasting whistler echo trains in Earth's magnetosphere. These signals, observed in Finland, traveled over 4000 km from distant storms.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Lightning generates electromagnetic impulses that propagate in the magnetosphere as whistler waves.
  • Multiple reflections of these whistlers can create echo trains with increasing dispersion.
  • Magnetospheric plasma ducts are crucial for long-distance propagation of these signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions and sources of whistler echo trains observed on January 3, 2017.
  • To determine the duration and characteristics of the magnetospheric duct involved.
  • To identify the origins of the lightning events that triggered the observed echo trains.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of radio wave signals recorded by a high-latitude station (Kannuslehto, Finland).
  • Identification and characterization of whistler echo trains and their dispersion patterns.
  • Correlation of signal observations with lightning activity from various geographical locations.

Main Results:

  • A magnetospheric plasma duct was active for nearly eight hours.
  • Whistler echo trains were triggered by lightning from three distinct thunderstorms.
  • Significant echo train generation was observed from a storm in Norway and two distant storms in the Mediterranean region.
  • Subionospheric propagation distances up to 4000 km were involved.

Conclusions:

  • Intense thunderstorms, even at distant locations, can repetitively energize magnetospheric ducts.
  • This energization leads to the formation of whistler echo trains.
  • The findings highlight the significant impact of terrestrial lightning on the Earth's magnetosphere over long distances.