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Multi-habitat landscapes are more diverse and stable with improved function.

Talya D Hackett1,2, Alix M C Sauve3,4,5, Kate P Maia3,6

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Landscapes with multiple habitats support greater biodiversity and more stable ecosystems. This connectivity enhances ecosystem services like pollination, demonstrating the importance of habitat diversity for ecological resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Landscape Ecology
  • Community Ecology

Background:

  • Conservation efforts increasingly focus on landscape scales.
  • Understanding how species interactions connect habitats and influence community stability at landscape scales is crucial but poorly understood.
  • Existing species interaction data are often limited to specific habitats or guilds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how landscape composition influences species interactions and community properties.
  • To determine the effects of multi-habitat landscapes on ecological network stability and function.
  • To link landscape structure to ecosystem services through community-level mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Collected multi-guild species interaction data (plant-pollinator, plant-herbivore-parasitoid) from landscapes with varying habitat numbers (one, two, or three).
  • Employed a field experiment to assess ecological responses.
  • Utilized a modeling approach to analyze network properties and their relationship to landscape composition.

Main Results:

  • Multi-habitat landscapes exhibited higher species and interaction evenness compared to single-habitat landscapes.
  • Increased habitat diversity led to more complementary species interactions and greater robustness to species loss.
  • Emergent network properties in multi-habitat landscapes significantly improved pollination success.
  • These landscape-level effects were not merely the sum of individual habitat web properties.

Conclusions:

  • Landscape composition, through its influence on community structure, directly impacts ecosystem function.
  • Contiguous habitats within a landscape can support and enhance landscape-scale ecosystem services.
  • Integrating landscape composition, community structure, and ecosystem function provides mechanisms for understanding habitat diversity benefits.