Endodontic treatment for traumatized immature permanent incisors

Endodontic treatment of traumatized permanent incisor teeth in young children may often present special problems not encountered in the adult patient. They are determined primarily by (a) the pulpal response of an immature tooth to trauma, and (b) the mechanical difficulties encountered when attempts are made to obturate the root canal of a tooth with a widely patent apical foramen. The most appropriate intermediate and long term treatment will only be possible in individual cases if the tooth response is continuously monitored from the time of the initial injury to the point where the definitive treatment has been judged as successful. Thus at each attendance, clinical examination including pulp testing should be supplemented by the taking of routine periapical radiographs. Essentially three main pulpal responses are possible: i) Recovery ii) Calcification iii) Necrosis. The outcome in each case may be influenced by treatment procedures.