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Interaction between adenosine deaminase and ABO system polymorphisms: effects on intrauterine survival and
1Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Mathematics, 2nd University of Rome School of Medicine, Italy.
Insights
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) phenotype and ABO blood groups reveal that ADA2 carriers have different associations with ABO-incompatible newborns and neonatal jaundice. Non-O ADA2 genotypes may lose early developmental advantages during reproductive stages.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Immunology
- Anthropology
Background:
- Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme in purine metabolism.
- ABO blood groups are important in transfusion medicine and population genetics.
- Interactions between ADA phenotype and ABO blood groups are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between Adenosine deaminase (ADA) phenotype and ABO blood groups.
- To examine associations in various population groups including newborns, schoolchildren, and women.
Main Methods:
- Determined ADA phenotype and ABO blood groups in 572 newborn infants, 770 schoolchildren, 139 women delivering liveborn infants, and 87 women with habitual abortion.
- Statistical analysis to compare proportions of genotypes and phenotypes across groups.
Main Results:
- ABO-incompatible newborns showed a higher proportion of ADA2 carriers.
- Clinically relevant neonatal jaundice was less frequent in incompatible infants carrying ADA2.
- Non-O blood groups (A, B, AB) were more frequent among ADA2 carriers in infants, schoolchildren, and women with habitual abortion.
- Conversely, fertile women showed a lower proportion of non-O blood groups among ADA2 carriers.
Conclusions:
- ADA phenotype and ABO blood groups exhibit complex interactions across different life stages.
- ADA2 carrier status may confer selective advantages in early development, which might be diminished during reproductive stages for non-O blood groups.
Abstract:
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) phenotype and ABO blood groups have been determined in 572 consecutive newborn infants, in 770 schoolchildren, in 139 women delivering a liveborn infant, and in 87 women with habitual abortion. ABO-incompatible newborn infants showed a higher proportion of ADA2 carriers as compared to compatible newborns. The incidence of clinically relevant neonatal jaundice among incompatible infants carrying ADA2 was lower as compared to compatible infants carrying this gene. In newborn infants, schoolchildren, and women with habitual abortion the proportion of A, B, and AB among ADA2 carriers was higher as compared to ADA1/ADA1 individuals. In fertile women, on the contrary, the proportion of A, B, and AB among ADA2 carriers was lower as compared to ADA1/ADA1 women. This suggests that non-O ADA2 carrier genotypes may lose in the reproductive stage the selective advantage accumulated during the early stages of development.