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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

21.2K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

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miRVim: Three-dimensional miRNA Structure Database.

Vishal Kumar Sahu1, Ankita Subhadarsani Parida1,2, Amit Ranjan1

  • 1Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, (DYPBBI), Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Tathawade, Pune, 411033, India.

Microrna (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)
|August 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The miRVim database provides crucial human microRNA (miRNA) structures, aiding computational drug discovery and advancing RNA biology research. This resource addresses the scarcity of structural data for microRNAs (miRNAs).

Keywords:
RNA foldingStructural bioinformaticshuman miRNA structures.miRNA 3D structuresmolecular modeling of miRNAnucleic acid modelling

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Area of Science:

  • RNA Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory roles across species.
  • Over 60,000 miRNAs exist globally, with 1,926 identified in humans, impacting gene expression.
  • Limited experimental miRNA structures hinder computational drug discovery and AI-driven research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop miRVim, a comprehensive database of human microRNA structures.
  • To overcome the limitations posed by the scarcity of experimentally determined miRNA structures.
  • To facilitate computational analysis and advance AI-based predictions in RNA biology and drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • miRVim integrates predicted 2D structures (MXFold2, CentroidFold, RNAFold) and 3D structures (RNAComposer, 3dRNA).
  • The database also includes experimentally determined structures from the RCSB PDB.
  • This approach consolidates diverse structural data for human miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • miRVim houses 13,971 predicted secondary and 17,045 predicted 3D miRNA structures.
  • This extensive collection addresses the critical gap in miRNA structural data availability.
  • The database supports computational analysis for drug discovery and machine learning applications.

Conclusions:

  • miRVim offers a valuable, publicly accessible resource for the scientific community.
  • It significantly advances computational analysis in miRNA research.
  • The database facilitates novel drug discovery efforts targeting microRNAs.