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Related Concept Videos

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Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets
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Does Maternal HIV Infection Affect Neonatal Outcomes?

Mohammadreza Zarkesh1,2, Farzaneh Kermani3, Mohammad Bolbolian Ghalibaf4

  • 1Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Current HIV Research
|August 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Maternal HIV infection increases the risk of neonatal complications, including higher rates of mechanical ventilation and reduced surfactant use in infants. These findings highlight critical neonatal outcomes associated with HIV-positive mothers.

Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapyHIV/AIDSinfectious disease transmissionmachine learning.prenatal carewrapper feature selection

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Machine Learning in Healthcare

Background:

  • Pregnancy in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered high-risk.
  • While increased preterm birth, low birth weight, and early gestational age are known risks, the specific neonatal outcomes linked to maternal HIV remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of maternal HIV infection on neonatal outcomes after birth.
  • Utilize machine learning (ML) and statistical methods to identify significant differences.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing infants of HIV-positive mothers (n=48) to HIV-negative mothers (n=96), matched for gestational age.
  • Employed literature review, expert surveys, and feature selection techniques (filter, wrapper, embedded) to identify key outcome differences.

Main Results:

  • Infants born to HIV-positive mothers showed a significantly higher need for mechanical ventilation and longer duration of ventilator support.
  • Maternal HIV infection was associated with a higher rate of addiction.
  • Feature selection identified increased need for mechanical ventilation and decreased surfactant administration as critical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Statistical and ML feature selection methods effectively identified significant neonatal outcome disparities in infants of mothers with HIV.
  • The applied methodologies can be valuable for assessing the impact of maternal diseases on neonatal health.