The role of 25-OH vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease through Mendelian randomization and MRI
Ling-Ling Fu1,2, Tobias Vollkommer3, Sandra Fuest1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
Introduction:
The mechanism underlying the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and minerals (serum calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc), vitamins (25-OH vitamin D, vitamin A1 [retinol], B9 [folic acid], B12, C) is unclear.
Methods:
In a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis, the association between positive nutritional elements and 3935 magnetic resonance images (MRI) phenotypes was examined, and the mediation proportion was calculated. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of MR were assessed using MR-Egger, Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO. RESULTS: 25-OH vitamin D (P = 0.0019, OR = 0.6179, 95% CI = 0.4562-0.8368, inverse weighted variance [IVW]) is negatively associated with AD among 10 nutrients. The mediation proportion of the effect of vitamin D on AD mediated by IDP_dMRI_TBSS_L3_Superior_fronto-occipital_fasciculus_L was ∼7.08%.
Discussion:
Our results support 25-OH vitamin D as a causal protective factor for Alzheimer disease. It was found that the Superior_fronto-occipital_fasciculus_L may play a minimal mediating role.
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