Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Proteomic analysis reveals divergent inflammatory mechanisms of COVID-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2026

Same author

Monocyte-derived macrophages drive neurological tissue damage through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

Science immunology·2026

Same author

Mutational landscape changes of AML in patients relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Bone marrow transplantation·2026

Same author

AIstain: Enhancing microglial phagocytosis analysis through deep learning.

Cell reports methods·2025

Same author

Distinct Cellular and Molecular Patterns in Pretreatment Peripheral Blood Are Associated with CAR T-cell Outcomes in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Cancer research·2025

Same author

Immune signatures link myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease to other autoantibody-mediated conditions.

Science translational medicine·2025

Same journal

Tagraxofusp, Azacitidine, and Venetoclax in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm.

Blood·2026

Same journal

Concurrent administration of BCMA and GPRC5D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in advanced multiple myeloma.

Blood·2026

Same journal

Single Cell Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment Landscape Across the Disease Spectrum of Multiple Myeloma.

Blood·2026

Same journal

Decentralized Clinical Trials in Hematology: the Promise and the Peril.

Blood·2026

Same journal

How I Treat Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists.

Blood·2026

Same journal

The Chaos of Choice in Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Call to Harmonize First-line Trial Design.

Blood·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Published on: June 6, 2025

Hijacking T helper cells for AML progression

Florian Ingelfinger^1,2

¹Weizmann Institute of Science.

|August 22, 2024

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells

Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells

Published on: February 21, 2018

Intra-Peritoneal Transplantation for Generating Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Mice

Intra-Peritoneal Transplantation for Generating Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Mice

Published on: January 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Published on: June 6, 2025

Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells

Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells

Published on: February 21, 2018

Intra-Peritoneal Transplantation for Generating Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Mice

Intra-Peritoneal Transplantation for Generating Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Mice

Published on: January 6, 2023