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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

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For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
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A Method for Inferring Polymers Based on Linear Regression and Integer Programming.

Ryota Ido, Shengjuan Cao, Jianshen Zhu

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    This study introduces a new method for designing polymers using artificial neural networks and mixed integer linear programming. The approach successfully predicts polymer properties and infers structures up to 50 atoms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational Chemistry
    • Materials Science
    • Polymer Science

    Background:

    • A novel framework combining artificial neural networks (ANNs) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) has been proposed for chemical compound design.
    • Existing methods may not fully address the complexities of polymer structure inference and property prediction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a new method for inferring polymer structures based on the established ANN-MILP framework.
    • To introduce novel representations and descriptors for polymers within this framework.
    • To evaluate the performance of linear regression within the framework for predicting polymer properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Representing polymers as monomers and defining new polymer-specific structural descriptors.
    • Integrating linear regression as a predictive modeling component within the ANN-MILP framework.
    • Conducting computational experiments to assess prediction accuracy and inference capabilities.

    Main Results:

    • Linear regression models demonstrate effective prediction for certain polymer chemical properties.
    • The proposed method successfully infers polymer structures with monomers containing up to 50 non-hydrogen atoms.
    • Validation of the novel polymer representation and descriptor approach.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method effectively extends the novel framework for polymer design and inference.
    • Linear regression is a viable component for predicting specific polymer properties within this computational approach.
    • The method shows promise for designing complex polymers with tailored characteristics.