Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Amanda E Olagunju1, Faraz Ghoddusi2
1JenCare Senior Medical Center, Newport News, Va.; 113th Air National Guard, Andrews Air Force Base, Md.
American Family Physician
|August 22, 2024
Summary
Adult ADHD is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder often requiring comprehensive evaluation and treatment. First-line treatments include stimulants, with non-stimulant options available for specific patient populations.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Adult psychiatry
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattentive and/or hyperactive-impulsive behaviors.
- Childhood ADHD frequently persists into adulthood, affecting 14.6% of U.S. adults.
- Adult ADHD diagnosis requires careful consideration of co-occurring mental health conditions due to symptom overlap.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline diagnostic considerations for adult ADHD.
- To review recommended pharmacotherapies and treatment strategies.
- To emphasize monitoring for stimulant misuse.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive clinical history and evaluation.
- Patient symptom and functional assessments (e.g., Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale).
- Collateral information gathering.
Main Results:
- First-line pharmacotherapy includes stimulants (amphetamine and methylphenidate).
- Psychotherapy may enhance stimulant effectiveness.
- Non-stimulant options (atomoxetine, viloxazine, bupropion) exist for specific cases.
- Controlled substance agreements and monitoring programs are recommended for stimulant use.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of adult ADHD involves a thorough assessment and differential diagnosis.
- Pharmacological treatments, including stimulants and non-stimulants, are key components of management.
- Monitoring for misuse and diversion is crucial for patient safety.
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