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Alternative for HPC22 after repairs in the drinking water distribution system
Marcelle J van der Waals1, Nikki van Bel1, Frits van Charante1
1KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein, 3433 PE, the Netherlands.
Water Research
|August 22, 2024
Summary
Fast methods like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and enzyme activity show promise for detecting microbial contamination in drinking water, offering a quicker alternative to traditional culturing. These reliable methods could enhance public health protection during drinking water distribution system maintenance.
Area of Science:
- Environmental microbiology
- Water quality analysis
- Public health
Background:
- Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) risk contamination from external sources during maintenance or pipe breaches.
- Microbial contamination poses significant public health risks.
- Traditional microbiological testing (e.g., HPC22) is time-consuming.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate fast microbiological detection methods as alternatives to traditional culturing for drinking water quality assessment.
- To compare the reliability and sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), flow cytometry, enzyme activity, and qPCR against Heterotrophic Plate Counts at 22 °C (HPC22).
Main Methods:
- Comparison of four rapid detection methods: adenosine triphosphate (ATPtotal-lab, ATPcell-mob), flow cytometry, enzyme activity (ALP-2), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
- Validation using dilution series and field samples from drinking water distribution systems.
- Statistical analysis of correlations between rapid methods and traditional HPC22 counts.
Main Results:
- ATP (ATPtotal-lab, ATPcell-mob) and enzyme activity (ALP-2) demonstrated higher reliability and sensitivity compared to flow cytometry and qPCR for detecting microbial contamination.
- Significant correlations (p < 0.05, R² = 0.61-0.76) were observed between HPC22 and ATP/enzyme activity/qPCR methods, while flow cytometry showed weaker correlations (R² = 0.24-0.52).
- Water samples from DWDS post-maintenance generally showed low HPC22 counts, often below 1,000 CFU/mL.
Conclusions:
- ATPtotal-lab, ATPcell-mob, and ALP-2 are promising rapid alternatives for monitoring drinking water microbial quality after DWDS maintenance.
- Further field studies are recommended to validate and compare these fast methods for potential replacement of HPC22 analysis.
- Implementing faster, reliable methods can improve the efficiency of ensuring safe drinking water supply.
Keywords:
Alternative methodDrinking water contaminationDrinking water distributionHeterotrophic plate countMicrobiological water qualityMore Related Videos
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