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The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Bioremediation

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Published on: March 6, 2014

Exogenous paths regulate electron transfer enhancing sediment phosphorus immobilization.

Lean Zhou¹, Yuting Zeng¹, Chong Xu¹

¹Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.

The Science of the Total Environment

|August 22, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhanced sediment bioremediation by adding electrodes and iron oxides, improving organic pollutant removal and stabilizing phosphorus levels. This strategy effectively reduces endogenous pollution in aquatic environments.

Keywords:

Closed circuit Extracellular electron transfer Iron oxide Phosphorus immobilization Sediment

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

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Published on: March 6, 2014

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Published on: July 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Microbiology
Environmental Engineering

Background:

Anaerobic sediments lack electron acceptors, causing phosphorus release and inefficient organic pollutant removal.
Endogenous pollution poses a significant challenge in aquatic ecosystems.
Developing effective bioremediation strategies for contaminated sediments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce electrodes and iron oxides into sediments to create electron transport chains.
To enhance the removal of organic pollutants and reduce endogenous phosphorus release.
To investigate the impact on microbial communities and phosphorus fixation.

Main Methods:

Construction of closed-circuit (CC) systems with and without iron (Fe) addition in sediments.
Monitoring of total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency over 84 days.
Analysis of phosphorus concentrations in overlying and interstitial water, and sediment.
Microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Main Results:

CC and CC-Fe systems showed 1.4 and 1.7 times higher TOC removal efficiencies than the control, respectively.
CC-Fe system stabilized phosphorus in overlying water and reduced interstitial water phosphorus by 30%.
Redox-sensitive phosphorus increased by 14% in CC-Fe sediment, indicating enhanced fixation.
Fonticella populations increased significantly in CC-Fe, correlating with improved TOC removal.

Conclusions:

The combined use of electrodes and iron oxides is an effective strategy for sediment bioremediation.
This approach enhances organic pollutant degradation and mitigates endogenous phosphorus release.
Modulating microbial communities and electron transport pathways is key to successful bioremediation and element cycling regulation.