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Engineering Microbial Consortia as Living Materials: Advances and Prospectives.

Shuchen Wang¹, Yuewei Zhan¹, Xue Jiang^2,3

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

ACS Synthetic Biology

|August 22, 2024

Summary

Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) leverage microbial consortia for advanced functions. This review explores top-down and bottom-up design strategies for these complex biomaterials, highlighting synthetic biology advancements and future challenges.

Keywords:

division of labor engineered living materials microbial consortia synthetic biology toolkits

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Synthetic Biology
Microbial Ecology

Background:

Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) integrate living organisms with biomaterials for novel applications.
Multiorganism microbial consortia offer enhanced functionalities beyond single engineered strains.
Current ELMs based on microbial consortia are in early developmental stages.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for designing microbial consortia-based Engineered Living Materials (ELMs).
To summarize enabling synthetic biology technologies for microbial consortia engineering.
To discuss challenges and future directions in the field of microbial consortia ELMs.

Main Methods:

Introduction of a top-down design strategy: characterizing and reconstructing natural microbial ecosystems.
Introduction of a bottom-up design strategy: rational design and assembly of synthetic consortia with material substrates.
Review of synthetic biology tools for engineering complex microbial consortia functions.

Main Results:

Two distinct design strategies (top-down and bottom-up) are presented for microbial consortia ELMs.
Synthetic biology tools significantly enhance the capabilities of microbial consortia for complex tasks.
The review consolidates current knowledge and identifies key areas for advancement.

Conclusions:

Microbial consortia represent a promising frontier for advanced Engineered Living Materials.
Strategic design approaches and synthetic biology are crucial for realizing the potential of these materials.
Addressing current challenges is essential for the future development and application of consortia-based ELMs.