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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Association between walking pace and heart failure: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

He Zheng1, Wenbin Wang2, Chaolei Chen2

  • 1School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|August 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A slower walking pace indicates a higher risk of heart failure (HF), and this relationship works both ways. Managing waist-to-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, and triglycerides can help prevent HF.

Keywords:
Cardiometabolic risk factorsHeart failureMendelian randomizationWalking pace

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • The link between walking pace and heart failure (HF) is known, but causal pathways and risk factors are unclear.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective HF prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between walking pace and HF risk.
  • To identify potential mediating factors in the association between walking pace and HF.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics.
  • Employed Multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) to explore mediating factors.
  • Validated findings using independent GWAS data for heart failure.

Main Results:

  • Increased walking pace was associated with reduced HF risk (OR, 0.589).
  • Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), type 2 diabetes, and triglycerides mediated a significant portion of this effect.
  • Genetically predicted HF risk was linked to a slower walking pace (OR, 0.975).

Conclusions:

  • A bidirectional causal link exists between slow walking pace and elevated HF risk.
  • Interventions targeting WHR, type 2 diabetes, and triglycerides may aid HF prevention in slower walkers.