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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Pair density wave (PDW) is a unique superconducting state with real-space order parameter modulation.
  • Understanding PDW interactions with various charge density wave (CDW) phases is limited.
  • Previous studies identified PDWs in cuprates and other unconventional superconductors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate correlations between PDW ground states and two distinct CDW phases (AC-CDW and HC-CDW) in 2H-NbSe2.
  • Characterize the interplay between PDW and CDW order parameters using scanning tunneling microscopy.
  • Explore the emergence of nematic superconductivity in relation to PDW-CDW interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was employed to probe the electronic properties of 2H-NbSe2.
  • Analysis of superconducting gap size (Δ(r)) and coherence peak height (H(r)) in relation to CDW phases.
  • Investigated the symmetry breaking and emergence of nematicity in the presence of PDW and CDW.

Main Results:

  • Observed coexisting PDWs with commensurate structures aligned to both anion-centered-CDW (AC-CDW) and hollow-centered-CDW (HC-CDW) phases.
  • Superconducting gap size (Δ(r)) is in phase with charge density in both CDW regions.
  • Coherence peak height (H(r)) shows a 2π/3 phase difference relative to the CDW, and PDW breaks three-fold rotational symmetry in the AC-CDW region, inducing nematic superconductivity.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals detailed correlations between PDW and distinct CDW phases in 2H-NbSe2.
  • PDW states influence the symmetry of the superconducting state, leading to nematic superconductivity.
  • Findings advance the understanding of complex interplay between different electronic orders in unconventional superconductors.