Effect of different configurations of hybrid nano additives blended with biodiesel on CI engine performance and...

The use of nano additives to improve the cold properties of biodiesel is encouraged by its drawbacks and incompatibility in cold climate. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was transesterified to create biodiesel. A 20% by volume was used for combination of diesel and methyl ester. Current study aims to evaluate diesel engine emissions and performance. TiO₂, alumina, and hybrid TiO₂ + Al₂O₃ nanoparticles are added to WCO biodiesel mixture at 25 mg/liter. When B20 combined with nano materials such as TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and hybrid nano, the highest declines in brake specific fuel consumption were 4, 6, and 11%, respectively. As compared to biodiesel blend, the largest gains in thermal efficiency were 4.5, 6.5, and 12.5%, respectively, at maximum engine output power. Introduction of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and hybrid nano particles to B20 at 100% load resulted in the highest decreases in HC concentrations up to 7, 13, and 20%, and the biggest reductions in CO emissions, up to 6, 12, and 16%. Largest increases in NOx concentrations at full load were about 7, 15, and 23% for B20 + 25TiO₂, B20 + 25 Al₂O₃, and B20 + 25TiO₂ + 25 Al₂O₃, respectively. Up to 8, 15, and 21% less smoke was released, correspondingly, which were the largest reductions. Recommended dosage of 25 ppm alumina and 25 ppm TiO₂ achieved noticeable improvements in diesel engine performance, combustion and emissions about B20.