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  11. A Novel Metric-based Approach Of Scoring Early Host Immune Response From Oro-nasopharyngeal Swabs Predicts Covid-19 Outcome

A novel metric-based approach of scoring early host immune response from oro-nasopharyngeal swabs predicts COVID-19 outcome

Yogita Rajput1, Arvind Neral2,3, Nikita Sherwani2

  • 1Multidisciplinary Research Units (MRU), Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India.

Scientific Reports
|August 22, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel severity score accurately predicts severe COVID-19 outcomes by assessing early immune responses from RNA samples. This biomarker aids in identifying high-risk patients for timely clinical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • COVID-19's unpredictable fatal outcomes are linked to dysregulated inflammation.
  • Impaired early adaptive immunity contributes to severe, late-stage inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop biomarkers for early detection of host immune impairment in COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify high-risk individuals at the time of initial diagnosis using leftover RNA samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized leftover RNA samples from COVID-19 patients at first diagnosis.
  • Developed a RT-PCR based assay to assess T cell response ('severity score') and IL-10 response.
  • Categorized samples based on prospective follow-up outcomes.

Main Results:

Keywords:
BiomarkerCOVID-19High riskIL-10 response

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  • The 'severity score' predicted high-risk non-comorbid COVID-19 patients with 91% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity.
  • Inclusion of comorbid patients slightly reduced sensitivity (77%) but maintained high specificity (94%).
  • An 'impaired IL-10 response' showed lower predictive accuracy, especially with comorbid patients.

Conclusions:

  • A metric-based 'severity score' effectively indicates early adaptive immune response.
  • This score can predict severe COVID-19 outcomes at initial diagnosis using readily available RNA samples.
  • The workflow offers a cost-effective and rapid prognostic test for early clinical decision-making.
Leftover RNA
Oro-nasopharyngeal swab
Prognostic
Severity score
T cell response