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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
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Causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid nodules: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization

Shaoshuai Yan1,2, Jiawei He3, Xudong Yu1,2

  • 1Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|August 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Gut microbiota composition is causally linked to thyroid nodules (TNs). Certain bacteria may protect against TNs, while others increase risk, highlighting the thyroid-gut axis for prevention and management.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationcausal associationgut microbiotathyroid nodulesthyroid-gut axis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Emerging evidence links gut microbiota (GM) alterations to thyroid nodules (TNs).
  • The causal relationship between GM and TNs remains unclear.
  • Understanding this connection is crucial for thyroid health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota composition and the development of thyroid nodules using Mendelian Randomization (MR).
  • To identify specific gut bacteria that may influence TNs risk or offer protection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized summary statistics from large-scale consortia (MiBioGen and FinnGen) for MR analysis.
  • Employed various MR techniques including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO.
  • Performed univariable, multivariable, and reverse MR analyses with rigorous statistical adjustments.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific gut bacteria with potential causal associations with TNs.
  • Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Senegalimassilia, and Lachnospiraceae showed protective effects.
  • Desulfovibrionales, Prevotella_7, Faecalibacterium, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Deltaproteobacteria were associated with increased TNs risk.
  • Reverse MR analyses did not reveal significant causal links in the opposite direction.
  • Desulfovibrionales (Order), Desulfovibrionaceae (Family), and Deltaproteobacteria (Class) remained significant after adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides robust evidence for a significant causal link between gut microbiota composition and thyroid nodule development.
  • The findings highlight the importance of the thyroid-gut axis in understanding TNs.
  • GM profiling may offer novel avenues for TNs prevention and management strategies.