Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

2.6K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
2.6K
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

376
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
376
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

2.6K
Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
2.6K
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

349
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
349
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

254
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
254
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

8.7K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unraveling critical role of photosynthetic bacteria in sustaining aquatic microbial community stability and function through large-scale genomic data analyses.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Application of Multistrategy Improvement Gray Wolf Algorithm to Optimize Extreme Gradient Boosting in Emergency Triage.

Journal of emergency nursing·2026
Same author

Effects of digital health interventions on self-care and quality of life in patients with an ostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing·2026
Same author

Ultrafast Photothermal Conversion of Ru/Zn Heterometallic Metal-Organic Framework for Synergistic Catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Amivantamab plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy as first-line treatment in Chinese mainland patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion non-small cell lung cancer: Subgroup analysis of the randomized PAPILLON trial.

Chinese medical journal·2026
Same author

Metagenomic insights into the enhancement of doxycycline hydrochloride removal in constructed wetlands under moderate lead stress.

Bioresource technology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

10.3K

Causality between various cytokines and asthma: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Yansen Zheng1, Qi Chen2, Xiaqing Shi2

  • 1Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Medicine
|August 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated the causal link between cytokines and asthma risk. Results indicate asthma increases interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-9 (IL-9) levels, suggesting these cytokines are downstream effects, not causes, of asthma.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationasthmainterferonsinterleukinstumor necrosis factors

More Related Videos

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.1K
A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
09:58

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

22.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

10.3K
Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.1K
A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
09:58

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

22.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Cytokines are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but their precise role remains unclear.
  • Understanding cytokine involvement is crucial for developing effective asthma therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between various cytokines and asthma using Mendelian randomization.
  • To determine if specific cytokines influence asthma risk or if asthma affects cytokine levels.

Main Methods:

  • Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employed inverse variance weighting.
  • Robustness of findings confirmed through multiple MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-Raps, MR-Presso, RadialMR) and sensitivity analyses.

Main Results:

  • No significant causal association was found between the studied cytokines and asthma risk.
  • Asthma was significantly associated with increased levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-9 (IL-9).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated IL-5 and IL-9 levels appear to be downstream consequences of asthma.
  • Targeting IL-5 and IL-9 pathways may offer potential therapeutic strategies for managing asthma exacerbations.