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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency...
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Photosystems01:32

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Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues
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Plant supercomplex I + III2 structure and function: implications for the growing field.

Maria Maldonado1

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A.

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|August 23, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial respiration

Keywords:
cryoEMmitochondrial respirationsupercomplexes

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and molecular biology, focusing on cellular energy production.

Background:

  • Mitochondrial respiration is crucial for eukaryotic energy production.
  • The precise mechanisms of respiratory complexes and supercomplexes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent structural and functional studies of plant supercomplex I+III2.
  • To discuss implications for respiratory complexes and supercomplexes in plants and other organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent structural and functional investigations.
  • Comparative analysis across different plant species and potentially other clades.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies provide insights into plant supercomplex I+III2 structure and function.
  • Identified commonalities and open questions regarding respiratory supercomplexes.

Conclusions:

  • Further cross-clade studies are needed to understand universal mechanisms of respiratory complexes and supercomplexes.
  • Enhanced understanding of respiration can be achieved through broader investigations.