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Childhood Obesity, Weight Change, and Pediatric Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases

Seong Rae Kim1, Seong-Joon Koh2, Hyunsun Park3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|August 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity increases the risk of immune-mediated skin diseases. Weight gain is linked to higher atopic dermatitis (AD) risk, while weight loss may reduce it.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The link between childhood obesity and immune-mediated skin diseases is not well understood.
  • Pediatric immune-mediated skin diseases include alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and BMI changes with the development of pediatric immune-mediated skin diseases.
  • To analyze the risk of developing alopecia areata, AD, and psoriasis in relation to childhood weight status.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large longitudinal cohort of 2,161,900 Korean children from 2009 to 2020.
  • Examining the relationship between baseline BMI, BMI changes, and the incidence of specific skin conditions.

Main Results:

  • Obese children had a significantly higher risk of pediatric immune-mediated skin diseases compared to normal-weight children (P < .01).
  • Increased BMI correlated with a higher risk of AD; decreased BMI correlated with a reduced risk of AD.
  • Weight gain from normal to overweight increased AD risk (aHR=1.15), while weight loss from overweight to normal decreased AD risk (aHR=0.87).

Conclusions:

  • Early childhood obesity is a potential risk factor for pediatric immune-mediated skin diseases.
  • Weight management in children is crucial, as weight gain may elevate AD risk and weight loss may mitigate it.

Keywords:
Alopecia areataAtopic dermatitisChildhood obesityPediatric immune-mediated skin diseasePsoriasis

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