Early science and colossal stone engineering in Menga, a Neolithic dolmen (Antequera, Spain)

Area of Science:

• Archaeology
• Geoarchaeology
• Megalithic Studies

Background:

• Megaliths represent the earliest monumental stone architecture, with European examples dating to the fifth millennium BCE.
• Menga dolmen in Iberia, constructed between 3800-3600 BCE, features a 150-ton capstone, one of the largest megalithic stones globally.
• Previous interpretations of Menga's construction remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose an innovative interpretation of the construction methods used for the Menga dolmen.
• To analyze the engineering and scientific ingenuity of Neolithic societies in monumental architecture.

Main Methods:

• Geoarchaeological analysis of the Menga monument.
• Detailed examination of stone plane angles.
• Stratigraphic polarity assessment of structural elements.
• Measurement of foundation depths.

Main Results:

• The study reveals a unique engineering project with no known precedents in the Iberian Peninsula.
• Analysis of stone angles, stratigraphy, and foundation depth provides new insights into construction techniques.
• Menga demonstrates significant creative genius and early scientific application in Neolithic societies.

Conclusions:

• Menga dolmen represents a singular achievement in Neolithic engineering and architectural design.
• The monument's construction showcases advanced understanding and application of scientific principles by its builders.
• This research challenges previous understandings of megalithic construction capabilities in prehistoric Iberia.