Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 15, 2025
00:07
A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
Published on: August 23, 2019
5.4K
Navigating the complexity of Polycomb repression: Enzymatic cores and regulatory modules
Simone Tamburri1, Samantha Rustichelli2, Simona Amato2
1IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Molecular Cell
|August 23, 2024
Summary
Polycomb proteins regulate cell identity through gene repression. This study details how accessory proteins control Polycomb
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Epigenetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Polycomb proteins are essential for cell-type-specific transcription and cell identity.
- Dysregulation of Polycomb activity is linked to developmental disorders and cancer.
- Polycomb repression involves histone modifications like H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the molecular mechanisms governing Polycomb repression.
- To understand the functional interactions between core enzymatic activities and accessory modules.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of Polycomb-mediated transcriptional control.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of current molecular knowledge on Polycomb protein complexes.
- Focus on the interplay between catalytic cores and regulatory accessory modules.
- Examination of coordination in the establishment and maintenance of Polycomb repression.
Main Results:
- Detailed molecular insights into how accessory proteins regulate Polycomb core functions.
- Understanding of the coordination between enzymatic activities and regulatory modules.
- Identification of key features in Polycomb-mediated transcriptional control.
Conclusions:
- Polycomb repression is a complex process involving intricate interactions between core and accessory proteins.
- Accessory modules play a critical role in modulating Polycomb activity.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate emerging features of Polycomb-mediated transcriptional control.
Related Concept Videos
02:04Co-activators and Co-repressors
7.3K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.3K
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
875
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
875
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
31.0K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
31.0K
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
22.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.5K
01:58Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors
20.9K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription of prokaryotic...
20.9K
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
6.8K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
6.8K