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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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BAL Fluid Cellular Analysis and Radiologic Patterns in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Amanda Grant-Orser1, Michael Asmussen2, Daniel-Costin Marinescu3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

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|August 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) cellular analysis in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) shows weak correlations with radiologic findings and diagnoses. BAL findings are not reliably associated with imaging features or clinical diagnoses in ILD patients.

Keywords:
BALbronchoscopyguidelinesinterstitial lung diseaseradiologic patterns

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) cellular analysis is recommended for diagnosing fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD).
  • Current data on the clinical utility and correlation of BAL findings with imaging are limited.
  • Heterogeneity exists in the interpretation and application of BAL results across centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between BAL findings and radiologic features, patterns, and clinical diagnoses in patients with fibrotic ILD.
  • To assess the correlation of BAL cellularity with high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings.
  • To evaluate the utility of BAL in classifying fibrotic ILD patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients with fibrotic ILD from the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis.
  • Standardized multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) for BAL and HRCT interpretation.
  • BAL fluid categorized by lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages; HRCT scored for features and patterns.

Main Results:

  • BAL cellular analysis was performed in 13% of patients.
  • Lymphocyte percentage showed a weak negative correlation with total fibrosis percentage but not with ground glass opacity.
  • A mixed BAL pattern was most common; BAL lymphocytosis frequency was similar across HRCT patterns.

Conclusions:

  • BAL cellular analyses did not significantly correlate with radiologic features, guideline patterns, or MDD-based diagnoses in fibrotic ILD.
  • Ground glass opacities, often considered indicative of inflammation, were not associated with BAL lymphocytosis.
  • The clinical utility of BAL cellular analysis in conjunction with imaging for fibrotic ILD diagnosis needs further investigation.