Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

1.4K
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
1.4K
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

2.3K
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
2.3K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

960
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
960
Overview of Fungi01:29

Overview of Fungi

2.4K
Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
2.4K
Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

155
Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
155
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

131
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
131

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Templated assembly of metal nanoparticles on DNA-SWCNT hybrids towards optoelectronic tunability.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Optimization of SWCNT-FET Biosensors by Aptamer Engineering and Toehold-Mediated Strand Displacement.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Genetic Diversity Analysis Reveals High Heterozygosity, Low Clonality, and Distinct Populations in <i>Peronospora belbahrii</i>.

Phytopathology·2026
Same author

Morphological Control and Formation Kinetics of Polymer-Induced Self-Assembly in Binary Mixed Solvents.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Accurate strand-specific long-read transcript isoform discovery and quantification at bulk, single-cell, and single-nucleus resolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The impact of integrative pain management courses on provider attitudes, confidence, and prescribing patterns for patients with pain.

The American journal of medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
07:33

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: January 3, 2014

20.4K

Fungal effectors: past, present, and future.

Gengtan Li1, Madison Newman2, Houlin Yu3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|August 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fungal effector proteins are key to host interactions. Advanced prediction tools accelerate their study, aiding in developing new antifungal therapies and biocontrol strategies.

More Related Videos

Unravelling the Function of a Bacterial Effector from a Non-cultivable Plant Pathogen Using a Yeast Two-hybrid Screen
11:30

Unravelling the Function of a Bacterial Effector from a Non-cultivable Plant Pathogen Using a Yeast Two-hybrid Screen

Published on: January 20, 2017

11.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Wild Monochamus alternatus Populations for Biocontrol Applications in Forest Wood Borers
06:58

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Wild Monochamus alternatus Populations for Biocontrol Applications in Forest Wood Borers

Published on: September 29, 2023

690

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
07:33

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: January 3, 2014

20.4K
Unravelling the Function of a Bacterial Effector from a Non-cultivable Plant Pathogen Using a Yeast Two-hybrid Screen
11:30

Unravelling the Function of a Bacterial Effector from a Non-cultivable Plant Pathogen Using a Yeast Two-hybrid Screen

Published on: January 20, 2017

11.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Wild Monochamus alternatus Populations for Biocontrol Applications in Forest Wood Borers
06:58

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Wild Monochamus alternatus Populations for Biocontrol Applications in Forest Wood Borers

Published on: September 29, 2023

690

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions

Background:

  • Fungal effector proteins mediate interactions between fungi and hosts (plants, animals).
  • These proteins can facilitate pathogenic or mutualistic relationships.
  • Understanding effectors is crucial for controlling fungal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in identifying and predicting fungal effector protein functions.
  • To outline current research frontiers in effector biology.
  • To underscore the potential of effector studies for developing new antifungal strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging advancements in protein structure prediction for effector identification.
  • Employing experimental approaches for functional validation of predicted effectors.
  • Conducting comparative analyses of effector repertoires across different fungal-host systems.

Main Results:

  • Accelerated identification and functional prediction of rapidly evolving fungal effectors.
  • Generation of testable hypotheses for effector function.
  • Insights into effector secretion, host microbiome manipulation, and immune interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Protein structure prediction is revolutionizing effector biology research.
  • Further research into effector pathways and roles can lead to novel antifungal therapies.
  • Comparative genomics of effectors offers a path to developing effective biocontrol strategies.