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Cognitive training for schizophrenia: Do race and ethnicity matter?
Bryan Gu1, Jennifer Rose1, Matthew M Kurtz1
1Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Judd Hall, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT 06459, United States.
Schizophrenia Research
|August 24, 2024
Summary
Racial/ethnic minorities with schizophrenia responded similarly to cognitive remediation as white individuals. Notably, non-white participants showed greater working memory improvement, suggesting cognitive remediation may reduce cognitive disparities.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Racial disparities in schizophrenia diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes are well-documented.
- Cognitive remediation shows modest cognitive improvements in schizophrenia but lacks research on racial/ethnic differences in response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential racial/ethnic differences in response to cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.
- To test hypotheses regarding dropout rates, baseline impairment, and treatment response across racial/ethnic groups.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of data from two randomized, single-blind controlled trials (N=119) on cognitive training efficacy.
- Comparison of outcomes between white and non-white participants regarding dropout, baseline impairment, and cognitive/functional improvement.
Main Results:
- No significant differences were found in dropout rates or baseline cognitive/symptomatic impairment between white and non-white groups.
- Both groups showed similar responses to cognitive training, except for working memory.
- Racial/ethnic minority status predicted significantly greater improvement in working memory.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive remediation is effective for cognitive deficits in racial/ethnic minorities with schizophrenia.
- Cognitive remediation may help mitigate racial/ethnic disparities in cognitive function.
- Future research should explore race as a mediator in psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia.
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