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The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.  
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Practice Faculty Also Need Sabbatical Leaves.

Ann M Philbrick1, Amy L Pittenger1

  • 1University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|August 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Academic sabbaticals are underutilized by practice faculty in higher education due to misconceptions about eligibility and funding requirements. Addressing these barriers can support faculty retention and innovation in pharmacy programs.

Keywords:
Contract facultyNontenure trackPractice facultySabbatical

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Area of Science:

  • Higher education policy
  • Faculty development
  • Pharmacy education

Background:

  • Academic sabbaticals are established tools for faculty growth.
  • Sabbatical use among tenured faculty is common, but less understood for nontenure, contract, and practice-based faculty.
  • Practice faculty are crucial for training future pharmacists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the perceptions and barriers preventing practice faculty from utilizing sabbatical leaves.
  • To understand the reasons behind the underutilization of sabbaticals by practice-based faculty in pharmacy programs.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted focus sessions with practice faculty who had taken or were considering sabbatical leave.
  • Qualitative analysis of participant discussions to identify emerging themes.

Main Results:

  • Theme 1: Practice faculty perceive themselves as ineligible for sabbaticals.
  • Theme 2: Practice faculty believe sabbaticals must yield significant grant funding.
  • Sabbatical leaves are both under-offered and misunderstood by practice pharmacy faculty.

Conclusions:

  • Misconceptions regarding eligibility and funding hinder practice faculty sabbatical use.
  • Sabbaticals can be a valuable strategy for retaining practice faculty and fostering educational innovation.
  • Increased investment in practice faculty through sabbaticals is essential for pharmacy academia.