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Estimating biological age from retinal imaging: a scoping review.

Michaela Joan Grimbly1, Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz2, Ruiye Chen3,4

  • 1SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa GRMMIC004@myuct.ac.za.

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Summary

Retinal age, derived from eye images, can estimate biological age. A larger retinal age gap (RAG) is linked to increased mortality and poor cardiovascular health, showing potential for health status evaluation.

Keywords:
eye (globe)imagingpublic healthretina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Retinal age estimates biological age using retinal images.
  • The retinal age gap (RAG) indicates deviations from normal aging.
  • RAG may serve as a novel health status indicator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on retinal age and RAG.
  • To assess the clinical utility of retinal age estimation.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in retinal age research.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, etc.) for eligible human studies.
  • No date restrictions were applied to the literature search.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 13 articles (2022-2023) identifying four retinal age models.
  • Three models ('Retinal Age', 'EyeAge', CNN-based) showed similar accuracy (MAE 3.30-3.97).
  • Higher RAG correlated with negative outcomes like mortality and cardiovascular issues.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal age and RAG show potential for clinical application.
  • Further research is needed to establish generalizability, especially in neuropsychiatry.
  • Accurate biological age estimation from retinal images supports health status evaluation.