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Early Warning Covid-19 Outbreak In Long-term Care Facilities Using Wastewater Surveillance: Correlation, Prediction, And Interaction With Clinical And Serological Statuses.

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Early Warning Covid-19 Outbreak In Long-term Care Facilities Using Wastewater Surveillance: Correlation, Prediction, And Interaction With Clinical And Serological Statuses.

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Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

Early warning COVID-19 outbreak in long-term care facilities using wastewater surveillance: correlation, prediction,

Xiaoli Pang¹, Bonita E Lee², Tiejun Gao³

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

The Lancet. Microbe

|August 25, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) effectively detected SARS-CoV-2 in long-term care facilities, often preceding clinical outbreaks. This early warning system aids in managing COVID-19 and protecting vulnerable residents.

Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Public health surveillance
Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) for tracking SARS-CoV-2.
This study evaluated WBS in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Edmonton, Canada, over 28 months.
It assessed the relationship between WBS, COVID-19 cases, and population immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of wastewater-based surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in LTCFs.
To determine the correlation between WBS data and clinical COVID-19 outbreaks.
To assess WBS as an early warning system for infectious disease outbreaks in vulnerable populations.

Main Methods:

SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater using RT-quantitative PCR.

Analysis of antibody serostatus through immunoassays.

Correlation analysis between WBS and clinical COVID-19 data, including outbreak timing.

Main Results:

Wastewater samples frequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (36.0%), correlating with clinical infections (5.8%).
WBS preceded clinical outbreaks in 60.4% of cases, indicating its role as an early warning indicator.
WBS data reflected population immunity and identified Omicron's immune evasion despite high vaccination rates.

Conclusions:

Wastewater-based surveillance is a valuable tool for early detection and management of COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCFs.
Integrating WBS with serostatus data provides dynamic insights into infection and immunity trends.
LTCF WBS serves as an effective early warning system, crucial for protecting elderly populations.