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Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

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As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

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Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner
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Operation of a 25 KWth Calcium Looping Pilot-plant with High Oxygen Concentrations in the Calciner

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Developing power plant materials using the life cycle lens.

Amanda Quadling1, David Bowden1, Chris Hardie1

  • 1Materials Division, UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|August 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) requires advanced materials to withstand extreme conditions. Research focuses on reduced activation and high-fluence resilience for sustainable fusion energy.

Keywords:
FISPACT-IIcrystal plasticityreduced activation steels

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Fusion Energy Research

Background:

  • The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) faces unprecedented magnetic, thermal, mechanical, and environmental loads.
  • In-vessel materials in STEP will experience extreme neutron peak dose rates (10^-6 displacements per atom per second).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define a materials strategy for the STEP Programme focused on reduced activation and high-fluence resilience.
  • To cover the full materials lifecycle, including composition selection, microstructural development, modeling, and end-of-life strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Materials downselection oriented within plant power trade-off space.
  • Development of advanced ferritic-martensitic structural steel.
  • Application of 'Design by Fundamentals' mesoscale modeling approach.
  • Investigation of waste mitigation routes for sustainable operations.

Main Results:

  • A materials strategy prioritizing reduced activation and high-fluence resilience has been established.
  • An advanced ferritic-martensitic steel is under development.
  • Mesoscale modeling provides a fundamental design approach.
  • Potential waste mitigation strategies are identified.

Conclusions:

  • The materials strategy is crucial for the success of the STEP Programme.
  • Advanced materials and modeling are key to achieving sustainable fusion energy.
  • Addressing the full materials lifecycle ensures operational viability and sustainability.