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Updated: May 7, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
Use of ICG dye for urinary tract identification during robotic peritoneal window creation for a post-kidney
Mohammad Arammash1, Hosam Arammash2, Shareef Syed1,3
1School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States.
Abstract:
Minimally invasive surgical creation of a peritoneal window for the treatment of lymphoceles post-kidney transplant is an effective procedure that comes with an elevated risk of iatrogenic injury to the urinary tract. Here, we present indocyanine green dye injection through a ureteral stent for intraoperative identification and avoidance of the transplant collecting system during peritoneal window creation. The procedure was successful and allowed for the resolution of the lymphocele without complication.
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