Prevalence and Predictors of Occlusive Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting With Non-ST-Elevation Acute
Ameen M Mohammad1, Malavan M Ali2,3
1Internal Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ.
Insights
Occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI) affects nearly 30% of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients. Prompt recognition of OMI in NSTE-ACS is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading global cause of death.
- Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) can present as occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI).
- Understanding OMI prevalence in NSTE-ACS is vital for optimizing patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of OMI in NSTE-ACS patients in Duhok, Iraq.
- To identify clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and angiographic factors associated with OMI in this population.
- To enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NSTE-ACS.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cross-sectional study of 189 NSTE-ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography.
- Data collected included demographics, clinical history, ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and angiographic findings.
- Patients were classified into OMI and non-OMI groups.
Main Results:
- The overall OMI rate among NSTE-ACS patients was 29.63%.
- OMI was associated with older age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD).
- Key indicators included specific ECG changes (biphasic T-wave inversion, ST depression) and elevated troponin levels. The left anterior descending (LAD) artery was the most frequent culprit.
Conclusions:
- Approximately one-quarter of NSTE-ACS patients in the study cohort experienced OMI.
- OMI is associated with specific clinical, ECG, and biomarker profiles.
- Early detection and management of OMI in NSTE-ACS are critical for improving outcomes. Regular audits are recommended to ensure adherence to updated guidelines.
Abstract:
Background and aim Myocardial infarction is a major global health issue and the leading cause of death. Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) could behave like ST-segment elevation ACS in terms of causing total or near total occlusion of the coronary artery and leading to occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI). This study aims to assess OMI prevalence and associated factors in NSTE-ACS patients in Duhok, Iraq, to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Materials and methods This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted at Azadi Heart Center and Zakho Teaching Hospital from March 2023 to March 2024, included 189 NSTE-ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography. Data collection encompassed demographics, clinical profiles, electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns, cardiac biomarkers, and angiographic outcomes. Patients were categorized into those with and without occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI). Results A total of 189 NSTE-ACS patients with a mean age of 58.65 (±10.38 SD) years were enrolled in the study. The overall OMI rate was 29.63%. OMI patients were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Significant ECG changes associated with OMI included biphasic T-wave inversion and ST depression in specific leads. Marked elevation in troponin levels was also noted in OMI patients. The left anterior descending (LAD) artery was the most common culprit artery. Conclusions About one-quarter of our study cohort exhibited OMI. The condition was linked to clinical, ECG, and elevated troponin levels. The study underscores the importance of promptly recognizing occlusive myocardial infarction (OMI) in NSTE-ACS patients for better outcomes. Regular audits are imperative to augment awareness among healthcare professionals at cardiac centers regarding updated protocols and guidelines.
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