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Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Hypothyroidism: A Case-Control Study
Fatemah Mohammed AlAhmari1, Hind Saleh Albahouth2, Hadeel Ali Almalky2
1Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
International Journal of General Medicine
|August 26, 2024
Summary
Hypothyroidism is linked to more severe periodontal disease in Saudi adults. This study found higher rates of gingivitis and periodontitis in hypothyroid patients, emphasizing the connection between thyroid health and oral health.
Area of Science:
- Oral Health
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions influenced by systemic health.
- Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder, may impact oral health.
- Understanding this association is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between hypothyroidism and periodontal disease.
- To compare periodontal health status in hypothyroid patients versus healthy controls.
- To analyze the relationship in an adult Saudi population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 201 adults with hypothyroidism and 188 healthy controls.
- Review of medical records for thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT4).
- Comprehensive periodontal examinations and analysis of demographic/health data using statistical methods (Pearson chi-square, logistic regression).
Main Results:
- Hypothyroid patients exhibited higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis stages I-IV.
- Mean Periodontal Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) values were significantly higher in the hypothyroidism group.
- A strong association (p < 0.0001) was found between periodontal status and hypothyroidism, also correlating with hormone replacement therapy dose and duration.
Conclusions:
- Adults with hypothyroidism in Saudi Arabia have a significantly higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease compared to controls.
- This study highlights a significant link between hypothyroidism and poorer periodontal health.
- Findings underscore the importance of considering thyroid status in managing periodontal disease.
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