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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

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Metabolic and Aging Influence on Anticancer Immunity in Oral Cancer.

T P M D Santos^1,2, W L Hicks², W J Magner²

¹Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|August 26, 2024

Summary

Aging and obesity worsen oral cancer risk by suppressing antitumor immunity, particularly via tumor-associated macrophages. Understanding these mechanisms is key for developing new cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:

biological aging immune checkpoint molecules obesity oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Metabolic Disease

Background:

Global increases in average age and obesity prevalence are rising.
Aging and obesity are linked to increased oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk.
Both aging and obesity impair antitumor immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how aging and metabolic changes affect antitumor immunity in OSCC.
To highlight the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in immunosuppression.
To explore mechanisms driving an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of aging, obesity, and OSCC.
Analysis of immune and metabolic alterations in the tumor microenvironment.
Focus on TAMs' contribution to immunosuppression.

Main Results:

Aging and obesity create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Mechanisms include altered angiogenesis, cytokine release, and phagocytosis.
TAMs are key players in recruiting and repolarizing immune cells.

Conclusions:

Immune checkpoint blockade remains effective despite immunosuppression.
Understanding these mechanisms can guide novel OSCC therapeutic strategies.
Targeting TAMs may refine tumor microenvironment management in aging and obese patients.