Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026
Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
A Directed Content Analysis for Greatest Problems Among People With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury
Emily Dudek1, Michael W Williams1, Chung Lin Novelle Kew2
1Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston.
Objective:
To characterize the greatest problem or need among individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as compared with individuals with a history of other neurologic conditions, mental health conditions, and no history of neurologic or mental health conditions.
Design:
A directed content analysis of open-text responses to a single online survey question using a framework guided by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4.
Setting:
Community.
Participants:
A total of 2861 community-dwelling adults (n=274 with TBI; n=289 with other neurologic conditions besides TBI; n=454 with mental health conditions but no neurologic conditions; and n=1844 controls).
Interventions:
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures:
Open-text responses to the survey prompt: "What was your greatest problem or need over the past 2 weeks?"
Results:
The Participation index comprised the greatest proportion of responses across all 4 participant groups. A quarter (25.4%) of controls reported None (no problem/need), whereas only 7.9%-10.7% of participants in all other groups reported None. Among all groups, individuals with TBI reported the greatest proportion of problems in the Adjustment and Ability indices. Among people with TBI, Money Management (19.7%), None (10.6%), and Anxiety (7.7%) were the 3 most frequently reported problems. Compared with individuals with mild TBI (mTBI), individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI) reported a higher proportion of problems in the Ability and Adjustment indices. Among individuals with msTBI, the Adjustment index accounted for the greatest proportion of problems.
Conclusions:
This study employed a person-centered approach to understanding the greatest needs among individuals with TBI. Qualitative differences were observed between individuals with and without TBI, between people with mTBI and msTBI, and across genders among people with TBI. These findings can help guide research and policy toward addressing challenges perceived as highly important by people living in the community with TBI.
