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Related Concept Videos

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Atomically Dispersed Vanadium-Induced Ru-V Dual Active Sites Enable Exceptional Performance for Acidic Water

Qing Qin1, Zijian Li2, Xuhao Zhao1

  • 1College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Atomically dispersed vanadium species, including dimers and single atoms, were integrated into ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) to enhance its performance in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This strategy breaks the activity/stability trade-off, yielding exceptional catalytic activity and durability.

Keywords:
electrocatalystoveroxidation resistanceoxygen evolution reactionoxygen radical coupling mechanismsingle atom dimer

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is a promising catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but suffers from an activity/stability trade-off.
  • Developing strategies to overcome this limitation is crucial for efficient electrochemical water splitting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer RuO2 catalysts with enhanced activity and stability for the acidic OER.
  • To investigate the role of atomically dispersed vanadium species in modifying the catalytic pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of atomically dispersed vanadium (V) species (dimers and single atoms) into RuO2 lattices.
  • Electrochemical characterization including overpotential measurements at 10 mA cm⁻².
  • Long-term stability testing in acidic electrolyte.
  • Operando spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • The V-doped RuO2 (Vn-RuO2) catalyst exhibited a low overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA cm⁻².
  • The catalyst demonstrated outstanding stability over 1050 hours of testing.
  • Operando studies and calculations revealed a direct O-O radical coupling mechanism facilitated by V dimers, bypassing *OOH intermediates.
  • The asymmetric Ru-O-V structure stabilized Ru active sites, enhancing resistance to overoxidation.

Conclusions:

  • Atomically dispersed V species, particularly V dimers, effectively regulate the catalytic pathway for acidic OER.
  • This approach successfully breaks the activity/stability trade-off in RuO2, leading to superior performance.
  • The findings offer insights into designing highly active and stable RuO2-based electrocatalysts through atomic-level modification.