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Related Concept Videos

Units and Standards of Measurement01:10

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...
Units of Measurement01:27

Units of Measurement

Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest branches of engineering. It deals with designing, analyzing, and manufacturing machines and mechanical systems. To ensure precise and accurate calculations, units of measurement are used. They provide a standard system for expressing and comparing physical quantities.
There are various well-known historical measurement systems, such as the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus...
SI Units: 2019 Redefinition01:13

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
A standard set of units has been defined to...
Units and Standards of Measurement01:10

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...
Mechanical Systems01:22

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically described...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
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Standardizing designed and emergent quantitative features in microphysiological systems.

Dennis M Nahon1, Renée Moerkens2, Hande Aydogmus3

  • 1Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Nature Biomedical Engineering
|August 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing standards for microphysiological systems (MPSs), or organs-on-chips, is crucial for comparing their human relevance. This ensures accurate drug toxicity assessment and disease modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • In vitro modeling
  • Physiological systems

Background:

  • Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are advanced in vitro cellular models that mimic organ functions.
  • Unlike conventional cell cultures, MPSs incorporate physiological cues like mechanical stimulation and fluid flow.
  • Often termed "organs-on-chips," these systems offer greater physiological relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the development of standardized quantitative physiological features in MPSs.
  • To ensure the in vivo relevance and predictive capability of MPSs for specific applications.
  • To facilitate wider end-user adoption and regulatory acceptance of MPS technology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing examples from vascular, intestinal, brain, and cardiac MPSs.
  • Distinguishing between designed features (controllable via MPS design) and emergent features (cellular function).
  • Proposing methods for enhanced MPS monitoring using readouts and sensors.

Main Results:

  • Highlighting the need for standardized quantitative physiological features for inter-MPS comparisons.
  • Demonstrating the distinction between MPS design parameters and observed cellular functions.
  • Identifying strategies for quantitative monitoring of complex physiology within MPSs.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization is essential for validating the predictive power of MPSs in drug development and disease research.
  • Quantitative monitoring of physiological features is key to improving MPS accuracy and reliability.
  • Standardized MPSs will accelerate their integration into regulatory processes and scientific discovery.