Intramural Hematoma and Acute Pulmonary Embolism Following Pacemaker Implantation: A Case Report

Bleeding complications after pacemaker implantation pose risks, including infection and prolonged hospital stay. A case involving aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) arising from subclavian vein access during implantation and concomitant acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is presented. In the present case, IMH probably resulted from subclavian artery vasa vasorum trauma during vein puncture and guidewire advancement, leading to IMH and hemothorax. PE possibly stemmed from a prothrombotic state caused by the intervention and the IMH. Conservative management with serial CT scans was chosen due to hemodynamic stability and high surgical risk. IMH and PE resolution was confirmed at follow-up.