Photothermal-enhanced in situ supramolecular hydrogel promotes bacteria-infected wound healing in diabetes

Bacterial infection can impede the healing of chronic wounds, particularly diabetic wounds. The high-sugar environment of diabetic wounds creates a favorable condition for bacterial growth, posing a challenge to wound healing. In clinical treatment, the irregular shape of the wound and the poor mechanical properties of traditional gel adjuvants make them susceptible to mechanical shear and compression, leading to morphological changes and fractures, and difficult to adapt to irregular wounds. Traditional gel adjuvants are prepared in advance, while in situ gel is formed at the site of administration after drug delivery in a liquid state, which can better fit the shape of the wound. Therefore, this study developed an in situ HA/GCA/Fe²⁺-GOx gel using a photothermal-enhanced Fenton reaction to promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The generation of ·OH has an antibacterial effect while promoting the formation of the gel, achieving a dual effect. The addition of double-bonded adamantane (Ada) interacts with the host-guest effect of graphene oxide and the double-bond polymerization of HAMA gel, making the entire gel system more complete. At the same time, the storage modulus (G') of the gel increased from 130 to 330 Pa, enhancing the mechanical properties of the gel. This enables the gel to have better injectability and self-healing effects. The addition of GOx can consume glucose at the wound site, providing a good microenvironment for the repair of diabetic wounds. The gel has good biocompatibility and in a diabetic rat wound model infected with S. aureus, it can effectively kill bacteria at the wound site and promote wound repair. Meanwhile, the inflammation of wounds treated with HA/GCA/Fe²⁺-GOx + NIR was lighter compared to untreated wounds. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy for treating bacterial-infected diabetic wounds.