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  11. Risk For Progression To Type 1 Diabetes In First-degree Relatives Under 50 Years Of Age

Risk for progression to type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives under 50 years of age

Ines Urrutia1,2, Rosa Martinez1,2, Begona Calvo1,3

  • 1Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|August 27, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

First-degree relatives with multiple pancreatic autoantibodies, especially children and adolescents, progress faster to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Early detection and risk factor assessment in young relatives are crucial for T1D prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Detection of pancreatic autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients indicates disease risk.
  • Emerging immunotherapies necessitate identifying at-risk individuals for timely intervention.
  • Understanding autoimmunity progression is key for proactive T1D management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of T1D patients.
  • To estimate the time from autoimmunity detection to clinical T1D onset.
  • To identify risk factors associated with accelerated T1D progression.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective multicenter study of 3,015 first-degree relatives (1992-2018).
  • Radioimmunoassay determination of pancreatic autoantibodies (IAA, GADA, IA2A, ZnT8A).
Keywords:
autoimmunityfirst-degree relativespancreatic autoantibodiesprediction

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  • Follow-up of relatives with positive autoimmunity and normal glucose levels; statistical analysis using Cox models and Kaplan-Meier plots.

    • Main Results:

    • Positive autoantibodies detected in 21 progenitors and 27 siblings.
    • 54.2% of relatives with autoimmunity developed T1D within a median of 5 years.
    • Faster T1D progression associated with multiple autoantibodies and detection before age 20.

    Conclusions:

    • Children and adolescents with multiple autoantibodies progress more rapidly to T1D.
    • Young adults with autoimmunity are also at risk, warranting inclusion in screening.
    • Risk stratification based on age and autoantibody profile can guide T1D prevention efforts.
    risk
    type 1 diabetes