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Related Concept Videos

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Sex differences in sleep and sleep-disordered breathing.

Esther I Schwarz1,2, Sophia Schiza3

  • 1Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich.

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|August 27, 2024
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Summary

Sex differences in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are increasingly recognized. Research highlights distinct SDB phenotypes and symptoms in women compared to men, necessitating further investigation for targeted treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Sex Differences in Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) exhibits notable sex differences in its pathophysiology, symptom presentation, and patient outcomes.
  • Research into sex-specific phenotypes within sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is still in its early stages, with limited data available for non-OSA SDB conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on sex differences in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
  • To highlight the need for further research into sex-specific phenotypes of SDB for improved treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sex differences in sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Analysis of prevalence, pathophysiology, and symptom presentation based on sex.

Main Results:

  • While OSA is more prevalent in men than premenopausal women, its prevalence in postmenopausal women equals that of men.
  • Women exhibit lower upper airway collapsibility and arousal thresholds, often experiencing more symptoms at lower apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) levels.
  • Specific OSA forms like REM-OSA and phenotypes such as COMISA are more common in women, whereas men have a higher risk of central sleep apnoea.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex-typical SDB phenotypes is crucial for developing targeted treatment approaches.
  • Adequately powered studies focusing on sex differences in SDB are essential for advancing the field.