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Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Affinity and Avidity

Affinity and Avidity

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...

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Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells

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Developability considerations for bispecific and multispecific antibodies.

Alaa Amash¹, Gesa Volkers¹, Patrick Farber¹

¹AbCellera Biologics Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

|August 27, 2024

Summary

Developing bispecific (bsAb) and multispecific (msAb) antibodies requires early developability assessment. This guide provides strategies for evaluating these complex biologics to ensure therapeutic potential and successful clinical development.

Keywords:

Antibody bispecific developability format immunogenicity manufacturability multispecific specificity stability

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Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: January 24, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Immunology and Molecular Biology

Background:

Bispecific antibodies (bsAb) and multispecific antibodies (msAb) offer novel therapeutic strategies by targeting multiple epitopes simultaneously.
These advanced biologics hold promise for treating challenging and previously incurable diseases.
Effective development necessitates rigorous assessment of antibody developability early in the pipeline.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize critical aspects of developability assessment for bispecific and multispecific antibodies.
To provide guidance for creating comprehensive developability assessment plans tailored to specific bsAb/msAb formats.
To facilitate the selection of promising antibody candidates for further development.

Main Methods:

Review of established and emerging methods for assessing protein-based therapeutic developability.
Identification of key developability considerations specific to bsAbs/msAbs, including format, immunogenicity, specificity, stability, and production.
Development of a strategic framework for comprehensive developability assessment.

Main Results:

Current methods for developability assessment are often not validated for complex bsAbs/msAbs.
Key factors influencing bsAb/msAb developability include molecular format, immunogenicity, specificity, stability, and scalability of production.
A structured approach is crucial for evaluating the potential of these advanced therapeutic modalities.

Conclusions:

Early and thorough developability assessment is essential for advancing bispecific and multispecific antibodies.
A tailored, robust assessment plan is required to address the unique challenges of bsAb/msAb development.
This strategic approach supports the successful progression of promising antibody candidates towards clinical application.