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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

Changes in MRI head motion across development: typical development and ADHD.

Phoebe Thomson¹, Vanessa Loosley², Emily Friedel²

¹Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.

Brain Imaging and Behavior

|August 27, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Head motion in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) decreases with age in children. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit greater head motion than controls, even in remission.

Keywords:

ADHD Diffusion MRI Longitudinal development Motion artifact Resting-state functional MRI

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Developmental Neuroscience
Child Psychology

Background:

Head motion during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a significant confounding factor in neuroimaging studies.
Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often exhibit increased head motion.
Understanding head motion trajectories is crucial for accurate analysis of brain development in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental trajectory of head motion in children with and without ADHD.
To compare head motion trajectories between children with remitted and persistent ADHD.
To identify age-related changes in head motion across different diagnostic groups.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal diffusion and resting-state functional MRI scans were collected from 105 children with ADHD and 84 controls aged 9-14 years.
In-scanner head motion was quantified using framewise displacement.
Generalized additive mixed modeling was employed to analyze longitudinal trajectories.

Main Results:

Head motion significantly decreased with increasing age in both diffusion and resting-state functional MRI (p < .001).
Children with ADHD showed significantly greater head motion than controls across the age range (p = .036 for diffusion MRI, p = .004 for functional MRI).
Elevated head motion persisted in children in remission from ADHD compared to controls (p = .020 for diffusion MRI, p = .011 for functional MRI).

Conclusions:

Head motion is strongly linked to developmental age in children, irrespective of ADHD diagnosis.
The rate of change in head motion with age does not differ between remitted and persistent ADHD groups.
These findings highlight the importance of considering head motion in neurodevelopmental studies and suggest that some ADHD-related behavioral manifestations may persist beyond clinical remission.