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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

901
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
901

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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
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Aortic Root Vortex Formation During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support.

Chaztyn Pangelina1, Vi Vu, Karen May-Newman

  • 1From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|August 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aortic sinus vortices are crucial for blood flow, preventing clot formation. This study visualized these vortices during reduced flow, common in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, highlighting the need for intermittent valve opening.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • The aortic sinus vortex optimizes blood flow and prevents thrombus formation.
  • Reduced aortic valve flow, often seen with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, can disrupt this vortex, leading to stagnation and thrombosis.
  • Understanding vortex dynamics is critical for managing complications in patients with LVADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and analyze vortex formation in an experimental aortic root model under progressively reduced flow conditions.
  • To investigate the impact of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support on aortic sinus vortex dynamics.
  • To provide insights into the mechanisms by which vortices maintain optimal blood flow and prevent stasis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mock circulatory loop simulating heart failure hemodynamics.
  • Integrated a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device (LVAD) into the experimental setup.
  • Employed a transparent aortic root model with a bioprosthetic valve to measure velocity and visualize counter-rotating vortices using particle imaging velocimetry or similar techniques.

Main Results:

  • Aortic sinus vortices were clearly visualized as counter-rotating structures under baseline and reduced flow conditions.
  • Vortices persisted even as the central jet narrowed with increasing LVAD speed, disappearing only when the aortic valve was fully closed.
  • The study demonstrated that these vortices preserve fluid momentum and generate shear stress, thereby disrupting flow stasis.

Conclusions:

  • The persistence of aortic sinus vortices during simulated LVAD support underscores their importance in maintaining adequate blood flow and preventing thrombus formation.
  • The findings support current recommendations for intermittent aortic valve opening in LVAD patients to preserve these beneficial flow structures.
  • This research provides the first direct visualization of aortic root vortex formation during LVAD support, offering a rationale for further clinical and experimental investigations.