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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...
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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Chiral spin-transfer torque induced by curvature gradient.

Guilherme H R Bittencourt1,2, Mario Castro3, Alvaro S Nunez4

  • 1Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Física, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. vagson.santos@ufv.br.

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A nanowire's curvature gradient creates a chiral spin-transfer torque, influencing domain wall motion direction. This curvature-induced effect offers new possibilities for spintronic device design.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Domain walls (DWs) in magnetic nanowires are crucial for spintronic devices.
  • Controlling DW motion with electric currents is a key challenge.
  • Nanowire geometry can influence magnetic properties and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a curvature gradient on transverse domain wall propagation in nanowires.
  • To identify and explain the origin of chirality induced by the curvature gradient.
  • To analyze the impact of this induced chirality on current-driven domain wall dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of transverse domain wall dynamics in a curved nanowire.
  • Modeling the influence of electric current on domain wall motion.
  • Investigating the emergence of chiral spin-transfer torque (CSTT) due to curvature.

Main Results:

  • The curvature gradient induces a chiral spin-transfer torque (CSTT).
  • CSTT leads to non-reciprocal domain wall motion, dependent on DW orientation.
  • The effect arises from a position-dependent effective field interacting with current direction.

Conclusions:

  • Curvature-induced non-reciprocity offers a novel mechanism for controlling domain wall motion.
  • Chiral spin transport driven by curvature is a significant factor in spintronic device design.
  • Understanding CSTT is essential for developing advanced spintronic applications.