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Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Pediatric Stroke Research: A Pilot Study.

Anna K Fiedler1, Kai Zhang2, Tia S Lal3

  • 1Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.

Pediatric Neurology
|August 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence, specifically Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), shows promise in entering pediatric stroke data into the International Pediatric Stroke Study (IPSS). While not fully independent, GPT assists researchers, reducing overall effort with human oversight.

Keywords:
GPTIPSSLLMPS-GPTPediatric stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Pediatric stroke is a significant cause of childhood morbidity.
  • The International Pediatric Stroke Study (IPSS) has collected extensive data through collaborative efforts.
  • Research in pediatric stroke is often challenged by data collection complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), an advanced artificial intelligence program, for entering pediatric stroke data into the IPSS.
  • To assess the accuracy and efficiency of GPT in data entry compared to human raters.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty deidentified clinical notes from pediatric ischemic stroke or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients were used.
  • Domain-specific prompts were engineered for an offline GPT model to answer IPSS database questions.
  • GPT responses were compared against human raters, with percent agreement assessed for 114 queries.

Main Results:

  • GPT performance varied, with initial iterations showing occasional human-level accuracy (17.5% of 20 patients).
  • After four prompt refinement iterations, GPT achieved 93.6% agreement in data entry.
  • The model correctly entered 2247 out of 2400 assessed items (93.6%).

Conclusions:

  • A tailored generative AI model with domain-specific prompts shows potential for research data entry in pediatric stroke.
  • Further refinement is necessary to improve GPT's accuracy for independent data entry.
  • GPT can be utilized collaboratively with human oversight to reduce research effort.