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Related Concept Videos

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
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The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
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Breathwork-induced psychedelic experiences modulate neural dynamics.

Evan Lewis-Healey1, Enzo Tagliazucchi2,3,4, Andres Canales-Johnson1,5

  • 1Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, Downing Place, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|August 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breathwork, or intentional breathing, can induce altered states of consciousness (ASC). This study found "psychedelic-like" experiences during breathwork correlate with increased neural complexity, suggesting a link between mind and brain activity.

Keywords:
altered states of consciousnessbreathworkneural complexityneurophenomenologypsychedelics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Consciousness Studies

Background:

  • Breathwork involves intentional breathing to achieve altered states of consciousness (ASC).
  • The neural and subjective dynamics of breathwork remain understudied.
  • Understanding these dynamics can offer insights into consciousness and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenological and neural dynamics of breathwork.
  • To explore the relationship between subjective experiences and brain activity during breathwork.
  • To identify neural correlates of altered states of consciousness induced by breathwork.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Temporal Experience Tracing to capture subjective experience dynamics.
  • Employed low-density portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices for neural recordings.
  • Analyzed data from 14 novice participants across 301 breathwork sessions of varying durations.

Main Results:

  • "Psychedelic-like" subjective experiences were associated with increased neural Lempel-Ziv complexity.
  • Exploratory analyses revealed the aperiodic exponent of power spectral density also showed similar associations.
  • Non-linear neural features, including complexity and the aperiodic exponent, mapped positive and psychedelic-like experiences.

Conclusions:

  • Breathwork induces measurable changes in neural activity.
  • Neural complexity and the aperiodic exponent are potential biomarkers for breathwork-induced altered states.
  • This neurophenomenological approach provides a novel framework for studying consciousness.