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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Flow Cytometry01:23

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Visualizing Antigen Specific CD4+ T Cells using MHC Class II Tetramers
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A mass cytometry method pairing T cell receptor and differentiation state analysis.

Jesse Garcia Castillo1, Rachel DeBarge2,3, Abigail Mende1

  • 1Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

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This study introduces a mass cytometry method to track T cell receptor (TCR) diversity and activation during immune responses. The approach links specific TCRs to antigens and reveals how therapies impact T cell populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Mass Cytometry (CyTOF)

Background:

  • Adaptive immune responses rely on T cell antigen receptor (TCR) recognition and clonal expansion.
  • Understanding T cell dynamics during infection and disease is crucial for immunology.
  • Current methods may not fully capture TCR diversity alongside T cell activation states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a mass cytometry (CyTOF) approach for tracking T cell responses.
  • To link specific T cell receptor (TCR) Vα and Vβ chains to antigen recognition.
  • To analyze T cell differentiation states and TCR diversity in response to various stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mass cytometry (CyTOF) with antibodies targeting TCR Vα/Vβ chains.
  • Combined TCR staining with antibodies for T cell activation and differentiation markers.
  • Applied the method to mouse models of Listeria monocytogenes infection, tumors, and influenza.

Main Results:

  • Identified expansions of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with specific TCR Vα/Vβ chains during immune responses.
  • Linked expanded T cell populations to the recognition of specific antigens from Listeria, tumors, and influenza.
  • Observed alterations in TCR diversity and T cell differentiation due to vaccination and serum transfer in influenza infection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CyTOF method enables comprehensive monitoring of TCR usage and T cell phenotypes.
  • This approach allows direct correlation of specific TCRs with antigen recognition in vivo.
  • Therapeutic interventions can significantly modulate TCR repertoire and T cell differentiation dynamics.